A(n) ____ involves both an experimental group and a control group, which are alike except for the one variable that the experiment is designed to test.

A(n) ____ involves both an experimental group and a control group, which are alike except for the one variable that the experiment is designed to test.

• A. Hypothesis
• B. Controlled Experiment
• C. Theory
• D. Deductive Reasoning

Answer: (B)

In a controlled experiment, researchers set up two groups that are treated identically except for the one variable being tested. One group receives the treatment (the experimental group) and the other does not (the control group). This arrangement isolates the effect of the single variable, helping show whether changes in the outcome are due to that variable rather than other factors. Random assignment to groups and keeping all other conditions constant further support reliable conclusions by making the groups comparable. A hypothesis is a testable statement about what you expect to happen, not the study design itself. A theory is a broad, well-supported explanation of phenomena. Deductive reasoning is a logical method for drawing conclusions from general principles, not a description of how to set up an experiment.

In a controlled experiment, researchers set up two groups that are treated identically except for the one variable being tested. One group receives the treatment (the experimental group) and the other does not (the control group). This arrangement isolates the effect of the single variable, helping show whether changes in the outcome are due to that variable rather than other factors. Random assignment to groups and keeping all other conditions constant further support reliable conclusions by making the groups comparable.

A hypothesis is a testable statement about what you expect to happen, not the study design itself. A theory is a broad, well-supported explanation of phenomena. Deductive reasoning is a logical method for drawing conclusions from general principles, not a description of how to set up an experiment.